RISC | 精簡指令集
精簡指令集是什麼？
精簡指令集簡稱RISC，常被拿來和複雜指令集(CISC)做比較，兩者都是指令集架構(ISA)的不同設計方法。指令集架構決定電腦如何執行指令，支援哪種數據類型和暫存器，如何管理記憶體容量，如何和其他裝置互動，等等。電腦的處理器（含中央處理器CPU、圖形處理器GPU，等等）會遵循某種指令集架構來設計，而精簡指令集的概念就是，所有指令都要能在處理器的一個時脈週期內完成；這有別於複雜指令集的架構，支援更複雜的指令，需要好幾個時脈週期才能完成。
我們用一個簡單的舉例來示範：假設您叫您的電腦去「開門」。複雜指令集電腦能馬上了解您的意思，並且前往執行。精簡指令集電腦需要您進一步說明：一、抓住把手，二、旋轉把手，三、推開（或拉開）門……使用精簡指令集的處理器，執行指令並不會需要更長的時間，但需要不同的軟體設計，才能配合相對較長的指令長度。
我們用一個簡單的舉例來示範：假設您叫您的電腦去「開門」。複雜指令集電腦能馬上了解您的意思，並且前往執行。精簡指令集電腦需要您進一步說明：一、抓住把手，二、旋轉把手，三、推開（或拉開）門……使用精簡指令集的處理器，執行指令並不會需要更長的時間，但需要不同的軟體設計，才能配合相對較長的指令長度。
為何需要?
二十世紀中旬，因為記憶體容量的侷限和其他技術方面的限制，導致複雜指令集成為主流。當時的想法是，透過處理器的複雜設計，來彌補軟體和其他硬體元件的不足。但在過去這幾十年內，電腦軟硬體已經到位，而在二十一世紀初，隨著行動裝置崛起，精簡指令集再次成為主流，智慧型手機等裝置都受惠於精簡指令集的低功耗、低廢熱特性。採用精簡指令集架構的ARM處理器，是當下全世界數量最多的處理器類型，從1985年到2021年的三十六年間，全球出貨高達兩千億顆ARM晶片。就連全世界效能最強的「富岳」超級電腦，都是使用ARM架構的處理器，未來伺服器和資料中心當中，是CISC還是RISC成為主流，大家拭目以待。
技嘉的特色
技嘉科技從2013年開始投入ARM伺服器解決方案的研發，這正是使用精簡指令集的產品。技嘉利用長年累積的經驗，依照不同使用環境調整零件組合，可快速開發新的伺服器款型，滿足不同領域的需求。比方說，R系列機架式伺服器擅於處理例行運算工作，G系列GPU協同運算伺服器可搭配通用圖形處理器(GPGPU)使用，H系列高密度伺服器可用於超融合基礎架構(HCI)、高效能運算(HPC)或叢集運算，E系列邊緣運算伺服器則使用於邊緣運算。想要在您的伺服器機房或伺服器農場內導入精簡指令集產品，使用技嘉ARM伺服器準沒錯。
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