Virtual Machine | 虛擬機器

  • 虛擬機器是什麼?
    虛擬機器是一種特殊的軟體(通常稱作映像或執行固體),可扮演實體電腦的角色。就如真實的電腦,虛擬機器有專屬的作業系統和應用程式,也有獨享的虛擬資源,包括處理器、記憶體、硬碟、網路介面和其他配件;實際上,這些資源來自執行虛擬機器的實體主機。一台實體主機可同時執行數台虛擬機器,若使用的主機是伺服器,則須透過「虛擬機器監視器」的軟體來管理不同的虛擬機器。商務上,虛擬機器可滿足眾多使用者的運算需求,這就是所謂的「虛擬化」。

  • 為何需要?
    對單一用戶而言,使用虛擬機器有很多好處,包括可靠、管理容易,且提供更多彈性,可安裝獨立的作業系統,或是執行外加的應用程式。因此,虛擬機器很適合用來開發或測試軟體,工程師可將虛擬機器和主機及其他虛擬機器隔離,放置在獨立的「沙箱」裡,安裝在虛擬機器的軟體無法流出,或是影響主機本身。這種理想環境,可用來檢查測試階段的作業系統、檢視已被病毒感染的資料、幫作業系統做備份,或是執行與作業系統不相容的軟體或應用程式。

    對組織而言,透過伺服器平台執行虛擬機器也有很多好處,包括大幅降低購買和維修硬體的成本、超前部署新的伺服器,還有快速的災難恢復。舉例來說,大部分的實體伺服器未使用百分之百的容量,實際使用率只有5%到15%。將伺服器虛擬化,可提升硬體的使用率,因為一台實體伺服器可容納很多虛擬機器。應用程式不須分配專屬的伺服器,因為實體主機上每台虛擬機器皆可執行應用程式。市場研究機構IDC於2011年報告指出,採取「伺服器虛擬化」策略的資訊科技部門,軟硬體支出降低四成,虛擬化亦可減少實體伺服器的數量,因此降低耗電和冷卻配套措施的相關成本。

    虛擬機器也有助於快速建置和超前部署新的伺服器,因為新的虛擬機器只要幾分鐘就能複製與建立,不用大費周章,特別購買安裝新的實體伺服器。伺服器虛擬化有另外一個關鍵優勢,就是容易移動與重建,因為將虛擬機器從一台實體伺服器搬到另一台實體伺服器,快速又安全,重要資料要做備份也很簡單,因為只要複製和建立新的虛擬機器即可。大多企業級的虛擬化平台,皆使用特殊的軟體來加快災難恢復的過程。

  • 技嘉的特色
    技嘉科技提供多項伺服器系統產品,皆適用於創造虛擬化的使用環境,包括泛用的機架式伺服器(提供x86Arm架構),以及CPU、GPU或儲存裝置密度經過優化的解決方案。各項產品皆提供高度的部署彈性,並可搭配許多擴充槽,安裝各種擴充卡。雖然虛擬化平台不受硬體設備限制,技嘉特別攜手不同地區、不同市場區塊的多家獨立軟體供應商(ISV)和增值分銷商(VAR),提供容易建置的虛擬化基礎建設平台給客人。

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