CISC | 複雜指令集
複雜指令集是什麼？
就如RISC代表「精簡指令集」，CISC代表「複雜指令集」，兩者皆為指令集架構(ISA)的不同設計方法。指令集架構決定電腦處理器（例如中央處理器CPU、圖形處理器GPU）如何執行指令，支援哪種數據類型和暫存器，如何管理記憶體容量及如何和其他裝置互動，等等。採用複雜指令集架構的處理器，可以執行需要好幾個時脈週期才能完成的複雜指令，這有別於精簡指令集架構處理器，只能處理一個時脈週期內就要完成的簡單指令。
用一個簡單舉例來示範，假如您叫您的電腦「開門」，精簡指令集電腦需要您說明「開門」的每一個動作（抓住把手、扭轉把手，等等），而複雜指令集電腦能立即了解您的意思，並且前往執行。兩種不同處理器，執行指令所花費的時間並沒有顯著的差異，但由於複雜指令集不需要很長的指令，因此對記憶體容量的需求也比較低。複雜指令集仍是個人電腦、伺服器與資料中心的主流架構，精簡指令集大多用於行動裝置，不過近期也開始反攻伺服器市場。
用一個簡單舉例來示範，假如您叫您的電腦「開門」，精簡指令集電腦需要您說明「開門」的每一個動作（抓住把手、扭轉把手，等等），而複雜指令集電腦能立即了解您的意思，並且前往執行。兩種不同處理器，執行指令所花費的時間並沒有顯著的差異，但由於複雜指令集不需要很長的指令，因此對記憶體容量的需求也比較低。複雜指令集仍是個人電腦、伺服器與資料中心的主流架構，精簡指令集大多用於行動裝置，不過近期也開始反攻伺服器市場。
為何需要?
複雜指令集的概念就是，運用處理器的複雜設計，來彌補軟體和其他硬體元件的不足。因此，採用複雜指令集架構的處理器可透過「多執行緒」（或稱「超執行緒」）技術，快速並且有效地處理很複雜的運算工作。最常見的複雜指令集架構產品，就是所謂的「x86」處理器，其中又以英特爾Intel、超微AMD兩家公司的處理器最為主流。
這些x86處理器產品，除了受惠於複雜指令集本身的優勢，Intel、AMD兩家公司長期投入個人電腦市場，造就了超級完善的軟硬體生態體系，和適用於各類應用場域的通用特性。儘管精簡指令集的代表作品「ARM處理器」，近年來也開始邁向伺服器市場，x86仍然是主導企業IT架構和伺服器機房的處理器產品，直接液冷(DLC)和浸沒式冷卻等創新的發明，更是有助於解決複雜指令集較高的功耗，以及其所排放的廢熱。
這些x86處理器產品，除了受惠於複雜指令集本身的優勢，Intel、AMD兩家公司長期投入個人電腦市場，造就了超級完善的軟硬體生態體系，和適用於各類應用場域的通用特性。儘管精簡指令集的代表作品「ARM處理器」，近年來也開始邁向伺服器市場，x86仍然是主導企業IT架構和伺服器機房的處理器產品，直接液冷(DLC)和浸沒式冷卻等創新的發明，更是有助於解決複雜指令集較高的功耗，以及其所排放的廢熱。
技嘉的特色
技嘉科技提供搭載 AMD EPYC™或Intel® Xeon®可擴展處理器的全系列x86平台伺服器產品，其中包含使用於邊緣運算的E系列邊緣運算伺服器，搭配通用圖形處理器(GPGPU)的G系列GPU協同運算伺服器，可用於超融合基礎架構(HCI)和高效能運算(HPC)的H系列高密度伺服器，通用型的R系列機架式伺服器，及儲存資料的S系列儲存伺服器。此外，如果您想在書桌上享受伺服器產品的威力，技嘉亦提供W系列塔式伺服器／工作站產品。技嘉科技攜手不同業界領袖，推出直接液冷、單相浸沒式液冷及兩相浸沒式液冷解決方案，有助於先進複雜指令集架構處理器發揮其最大的效能。
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