NVMe | 非揮發性記憶體

  • 非揮發性記憶體是什麼?
    NVMe (NVM express) NVM(non-volatile memory)代表非揮發性記憶體,這是固態硬碟(SSD)的常見的快閃記憶體形式。完整說法是非揮發性記憶體主機控制器介面規範(Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification),是邏輯裝置的介面規範,相較於早期用於傳統機械式硬碟規範SATA介面的AHCI,NVMe則是因應PCIe固態硬碟而生的介面規範,提供硬碟更快速的傳輸介面協定。

  • 為何需要?
    早期Intel為了傳統硬碟介面制定了AHCI介面規範,但到了2009年時SSD發展快速,但受限於硬體介面的傳輸頻寬反而無法發揮出SSD的正常速度,因此才有了NVMe這個基於PCIe的介面規範。AHCI可以支援一個命令駐列,NVMe則可以有65536個命令駐列,每個柱列中又可包括65536個命令,因此才突破了硬碟介面傳輸速度的瓶頸。

    早期SSD只能透過PCI Expressc匯流排製造,但需要使用非標準規範的介面,若使用標準化的SSD介面,作業系統只需要一個驅動程式就能使用符合規範的所有SSD。在儲存伺服器或是大量訊算的資料中心中,加速傳輸速度以及盡量減少資訊傳輸的延遲是最重要的事情。

  • 技嘉的特色
    除了消費者市場需求的NVMe固態硬碟,在伺服器市場技嘉的R282-Z92更支援了All Flash Array(全快閃陣列),並全數採用NVMe熱拔插硬碟介面,在第二代AMD EPYC (Rome)平台下,頻寬與傳輸速率分別提升至64GB/s與16GT/s,相較於PCIe Gen 3.0提供翻倍的頻寬/傳輸速率。處理器與周邊配備如加速卡、NVMe介面協定SSD、或高速傳輸網卡可藉由加倍的頻寬提供更高效的資料傳輸。

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